Polonez Bis 1

Parameters - Sierra Popoluca

Construction type	Construction Parameter	Value	Comments

Voice marking	Proper marker	yes	Sierra Popoluca has an antipassive construction in which a transitive verb is marked with the suffix -ɁoɁy (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 509).
Voice marking	Lookalike marker	no
Voice marking	Synthetic marker	yes	Sierra Popoluca has an antipassive construction in which a transitive verb is marked with the suffix -ɁoɁy (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 509).
Voice marking	Analytic marker	no
Flagging	S-argument flagging	no	FYI: The ergative proclitics (Set A) mark agreement with the transitive subject (..) of transitive verbs; the absolutive proclitics (Set B) mark agreement with the subject (S) of intransitive verbs and object (O) of transitive verbs (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 137) (KJ).
Flagging	P-oblique flagging	n/a
Flagging	P-oblique unflagging	n/a
Flagging	P-oblique flagging variation	n/a
Indexation	S-argument indexed	yes	(De Jong Boudreault 2009: 332) ERG ABS 1st person exclusive Ɂan+ Ɂa+ 1st person inclusive tan+ ta+ 2nd Person Ɂin+ mi+ 3rd person Ɂi+ ∅ The ergative proclitics mark the A of transitive verbs; the absolutive proclitics mark the S of intransitive verbs or the O of transitive verbs' (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 332). The ergative proclitics (Set A) mark agreement with the transitive subject (..) of transitive verbs; the absolutive proclitics (Set B) mark agreement with the subject (S) of intransitive verbs and object (O) of transitive verbs (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 137).
Indexation	S-argument indexation conditioned	yes	(De Jong Boudreault 2009: 332) ERG ABS 1st person exclusive Ɂan+ Ɂa+ 1st person inclusive tan+ ta+ 2nd person Ɂin+ mi+ 3rd person Ɂi+ ∅
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Generic (non-specific)	yes	Incorporated nouns must be non-specific, generic nouns. Proper nouns may not be incorporated' (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 657). Noun incorporation, considered a major criterion in dening polysynthetic languages (Baker 1996), is highly productive in Sierra Popoluca, a polysynthetic language. It is generally used to narrow the scope of the denotation of the verb, i.e. chopping -> wood-chopping (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 646).
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Indefinite (non-specific)	no	Incorporated nouns must be non-specific, generic nouns. Proper nouns may not be incorporated (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 657)
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Referential	no	Incorporated nouns must be non-specific, generic nouns. Proper nouns may not be incorporated (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 657)
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Generic (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Indefinite (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Referential	n/a
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Generic (non-specific)	yes	P elimination: P suppression: Sierra Popoluca (Boudreault 2009: 511) 1. peru jeɁm burroj Ɂagi+∅+was-ɁoɁy-pa but that donkey INTENS+3ABS+bite-ANTIP-INC ‘But the donkey bites a lot.’ 2. Ɂiga+Ɂi+jaatunh tzaam ∅+jɨɨs-ɁoɁy-neɁ-W COMP+3PSR+father much 3ABS+think-ANTIP-PERF-CMP ‘[…] that the father is preoccupied (lit. thinking).’ P elimination: P omission: Sierra Popoluca (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 342) 3. Ɂan+Ɂuk-neɁ-W+m Ɂoojo 1EXCL.ERG+drink-PERF-CMP+ALR alcohol ‘I had drunk alcohol.' 4. Ɂɨch pɨɨmi Ɂa+Ɂuk-pa 1PRO strength 1EXCL.ABS+drink-INC `I drink a lot.'
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Indefinite (non-specific)	yes	P elimination: P suppression: The antipassive is used when the patient is unknown or unspecified (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 511). P elimination: P omission: Sierra Popoluca (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 342) 1a. Ɂan+kɨɨnh-pa jeɁm kamyoon 1EXCL.ERG+fear-INC that kamyoon ‘I'm scared of the truck.’ 1b. sɨɁɨp ta+kɨɨnh-pa now 1INCL.ABS+fear-INC ‘Now we're scared.'
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Referential	no	P elimination: P suppression: The antipassive is used when the patient is unknown or unspecified (De Jong Boudreault 2009: 511).
P-oblique affectedness	Less affected P-oblique	n/a
P-constraining properties	Animacy constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a
P-constraining properties	Person constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a
P-constraining properties	Number constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a