| Voice marking | Proper marker | yes | When a speaker uses a transitive verb and wants to indicate that an implied object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned, he or she does so by attaching the antipassive suffix -An to the verb root (Stritz 2012: 203).
The verb stem is composed of the root and optional slots for antipassive (ANTIP), causative (CAUS), and modal or aspect morphemes (Stritz 2012: 173).
When a verb is marked as having no object, it attaches the antipassive suffix -An, which precedes other morphemes (Stritz 2012: 173).
Verb derivational marker of antipassive: -an (Stritz 2012: 284).
As is common in languages with ergativity, Gaahmg has an antipassive suffix on verbs used to indicate that an implied object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned (Stritz 2014: 244).
Gaahmg has an antipassive suffix that is used on transitive verbs to indicate implicit patient like arguments (Stritz 2014: 260). |
| Voice marking | Lookalike marker | no | |
| Voice marking | Synthetic marker | yes | Attaching the antipassive suffix -An to the verb root (Stritz 2012: 203).
When a speaker uses a transitive verb and wants to indicate that an implied object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned, he or she does so by attaching the antipassive suffix -An to the verb root (Stritz 2012: 203).
The verb stem is composed of the root and optional slots for antipassive (ANTIP), causative (CAUS), and modal or aspect morphemes (Stritz 2012: 173).
When a verb is marked as having no object, it attaches the antipassive suffix -An, which precedes other morphemes (Stritz 2012: 173).
Verb derivational marker of antipassive: -an (Stritz 2012: 284).
As is common in languages with ergativity, Gaahmg has an antipassive suffix on verbs used to indicate that an implied object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned (Stritz 2014: 244).
Gaahmg has an antipassive suffix that is used on transitive verbs to indicate implicit patient like arguments (Stritz 2014: 260). |
| Voice marking | Analytical marker | no | The verb stem is composed of the root and optional slots for antipassive (ANTIP), causative (CAUS), and modal or aspect morphemes (Stritz 2012: 173). |
| Flagging | S-argument flagging | no | Case marking does not occur on subject or object nouns (Stritz 2012: 281).
The unmarked S and O constituents (Stritz 2014: 270).
Nominative and accusative cases in nouns are morphologically unmarked. They are considered separate cases since a morphological distinction is made between nominative and accusative case in pronouns. Dative, genitive, and ergative case in nouns are morphologically marked, and nouns commonly have enclitics for other constructions, including copular, definite, locative, accompaniment, relative-clause-final, and subordinate-clause-final (Stirtz 2011: 128).
FYI: Thus, the Gaahmg antipassive occurs in nominative-accusative structures such as (58) as well as in ergative-absolutive structures such as (61) (Stritz 2014: 264). |
| Flagging | P-oblique flagging | n/a | |
| Flagging | P-oblique unflagging | n/a | |
| Flagging | P-oblique flagging variation | n/a | |
| Indexation | S-argument indexed | yes | In verbs, tone marks subject-person agreement by being added to the stem-final syllable. (...) high tone is assigned to the stem-final syllable of the 3SG form. Low-tone is assigned to the stem-final syllable of the 3PL form. Mid-tone is assigned to the stem-final syllable of first and second-person forms (Stritz 2012: 52). (See ex. 45).
The tone is added to verb stems for subject-person inflection (Stritz 2012: 317).
FYI: Root tone replacement is used for antipassives, causatives, and verbal nouns (Stritz 2012: 177). |
| Indexation | S-argument indexation conditioned | no | |
| P-individuation properties | Incorporated P is generic (non-specific) | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Incorporated P is indefinite (non-specific) | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Incorporated P can be referential | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Oblique is generic (non-specific) | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Oblique is indefinite (non-specific) | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Oblique can be referential | n/a | |
| P-individuation properties | Eliminated P is generic (non-specific) | no | |
| P-individuation properties | Eliminated P is indefinite (non-specific) | yes | Gaahmg has an antipassive
suffix that is used on transitive verbs to indicate implicit patient-like arguments, such as that an object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned (Stritz 2014: 260-261).
Antipassive can have an unknown patient (Stritz 2014: 263). See ex. 58: 'The boy broke something.' in Stritz (2014: 263). @Something similr in Soninke.
Antipassive passive clauses are used to indicate an implied agent and unknown object (Stritz 2102: 221).
|
| P-individuation properties | Eliminated P can be referential | yes | Gaahmg has an antipassive suffix that is used on transitive verbs to indicate implicit patient-like arguments, such as that an object is unknown or is intentionally not mentioned (Stritz 2014: 260-261).
Antipassive can have an implied known or unknown patient (Stritz 2014: 263). See ex. 58: 'The boy broke something.' in Stritz (2014: 263). @Something similar in Soninke. |
| Oblique affectedness | Less affected oblique | n/a | |
| P-constraining properties | Animacy constrains oblique demotion | n/a | |
| P-constraining properties | Person constrains oblique demotion | n/a | |
| P-constraining properties | Number constrains oblique demotion | n/a | |