Polonez Bis 1

Parameters - Abau

Construction type	Construction Parameter	Value	Comments

Voice marking	Proper marker	no
Voice marking	Lookalike marker	n/a
Voice marking	Synthetic marker	n/a
Voice marking	Analytic marker	n/a
Flagging	S-argument flagging	yes	Noun phrases can be marked syntactically for subject, object and genitive. These NP markers are differentiated for number and/or gender. The subject and object marker can be topicalised, but not the genitive (Lock 2011: 80). Syntactic demonstrative NP markers identify subject and object and differentiate proximal and distal markers ( Lock 2011: 85).
Flagging	P-oblique flagging	n/a
Flagging	P-oblique unflagging	n/a
Flagging	P-oblique flagging variation	n/a
Indexation	S-argument indexed	n/a
Indexation	S-argument indexation conditioned	n/a
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Generic (non-specific)	yes	In (167), the noun yayh ‘song’ does not refer to a particular song but combines with the verb to specify a generic activity. [...] (167): ‘When it was night they did song-drumming (Lock 2011: 116). In (166), the NV construction wueir meio can be glossed ‘garden working’. This construction specifies the TYPE of work, namely garden work; it does not refer to a specific garden (Lock 2011: 115). Table 32 gives a number of examples of noun incorporation that occur so frequently that they behave as formulaic expressions in Abau (Lock 2011: 117).
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Indefinite (non-specific)	no
P-individuation properties	P incorporated: Referential	no	FYI: Noun phrases that are frequently zero marked are incorporated nouns acting as patient. These nouns do not need to be recognised as definite, unique entities, since the activity the patient is involved in is in focus, rather than the patient itself (Lock 2011: 115).
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Generic (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Indefinite (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P oblique: Referential	n/a
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Generic (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Indefinite (non-specific)	n/a
P-individuation properties	P eliminated: Referential	n/a	FYI: ‘When the speaker assumes the addressee can identify a referent without further reference, the NP representing that entity may be deleted. This is most obvious in procedural texts where the focus is on the activity rather than on the one who performs the activity. The speaker treats the subject as given or background information, and often mentions the subject only once, at the beginning of a procedural or descriptive text.’ (Lock 2011: 213)
P-oblique affectedness	Less affected P-oblique	n/a
P-constraining properties	Animacy constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a
P-constraining properties	Person constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a
P-constraining properties	Number constraints on P-oblique demotion	n/a